Information sharing architecture using internet\u27s XML and SOAP

Businesses should be able to share information among each other irrespective of the platform, operating systems and programming languages. Using Internet as the Information Systems Architecture has many values. Internet is affordable, easily available and is not tied to any specific vendor. Internet is simple and runs under any kind of operating system. Information sharing across the Internet is challenging but rewarding. Data Transfer using the Internet requires structure and discipline. To integrate diverse group of systems we need specialized protocols that can connect different platforms that use different languages together. Extensible Markup Language enables the creation of application dependent vocabulary which can be used to store data and information in a structured fashion. Simple Object Access Protocol can be used to carry information electronically from one end to the other. Simple Object Access Protocol uses the World Wide Web\u27s extensible Markup Language in encoding the message contents and its Hypertext Transport Protocol in carrying the message packet. This thesis work is focused upon sharing of information among enterprises using extensible Markup Language, Simple Object Access Protocol and decentralized database systems. An online Shopping cart application has been implemented using the notion of XML and SOAP. SOAP is used as a protocol to share information between AsiStore and its business partners Store 1 and Store2. XML have been used as a part of the application to drive the shopping cart, which users can view on the web browser

Stretched or noded orbital densities and self-interaction correction in density functional theory

Semilocal approximations to the density functional for the exchange-correlation energy of a many-electron system necessarily fail for lobed one-electron densities, including not only the familiar stretched densities but also the less familiar but closely related noded ones. The Perdew-Zunger (PZ) self-interaction correction (SIC) to a semilocal approximation makes that approximation exact for all one-electron ground- or excited-state densities and accurate for stretched bonds. When the minimization of the PZ total energy is made over real localized orbitals, the orbital densities can be noded, leading to energy errors in many-electron systems. Minimization over complex localized orbitals yields nodeless orbital densities, which reduce but typically do not eliminate the SIC errors of atomization energies. Other errors of PZ SIC remain, attributable to the loss of the exact constraints and appropriate norms that the semilocal approximations satisfy, suggesting the need for a generalized SIC. These conclusions are supported by calculations for one-electron densities and for many-electron molecules. While PZ SIC raises and improves the energy barriers of standard generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) and meta-GGAs, it reduces and often worsens the atomization energies of molecules. Thus, PZ SIC raises the energy more as the nodality of the valence localized orbitals increases from atoms to molecules to transition states. PZ SIC is applied here, in particular, to the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA, for which the correlation part is already self-interaction-free. This property makes SCAN a natural first candidate for a generalized SIC. Published under license by AIP Publishing.Peer reviewe